HFC - R23 Trifluoromethane
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- Polyol Ester
Used in very low temperature refrigeration systems, typically on the low stage of a multi-stage system. Has properties similar to R-13 and can be used to replace R-13 in an
existing system. R-23 has higher discharge temperatures than R-13, however, and equipment which is not designed to take this into account may suffer related failures.
Polyol ester (POE) lubricants should be used, and it may still be necessary to charge hydrocarbon oil additives to ensure proper oil return. Check with OEM for specific oil and
charging recommendations.
HFC - R134a Tetrafluoroethane
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existing system. R-23 has higher discharge temperatures than R-13, however, and equipment which is not designed to take this into account may suffer related failures.
Polyol ester (POE) lubricants should be used, and it may still be necessary to charge hydrocarbon oil additives to ensure proper oil return. Check with OEM for specific oil and
charging recommendations.
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- Polyol Ester
Application Temperature Range
R-134a performance suffers at lower evaporator temperatures. In general it is not applied at temperatures below -10F, and it is not necessarily the most economical overall choice in some other applications. Traditional R-12 type applications have adopted several products as alternatives, including R-134a, R-22, R-404A/R-507, and numerousretrofit blends.
Lubrication
R-134a requires polyol ester (POE) lubricants, primarily for their ability to mix with HFC refrigerants. Traditional mineral oils and alkylbenzene do not mix with HFCs and will cause compressor failures. In addition, automotive air conditioning systems may also use polyalkaline glycol (PAG) lubricants (not typically seen in stationary equipment). Both POEs and PAGs will absorb moisture, and hold onto it, to a much greater extent than traditional lubricants. The moisture will promote reactions in the lubricant as well as the usual problems associated with water (corrosion, acid formation, etc.). The best way to dry a wet HFC system is to use a filter drier - run the system and change the drier - instead of relying on evacuation to clear the water.
Retrofitting Considerations
Equipment built for R-12 will be sized a bit too small compared to equipment built for R-134a. In order to do the same job an R-134a system will need a larger compressor and larger heat exchangers. As a result a system which is retrofit from R-12 to R-134a will have lower capacity (run longer) and will probably develop higher head pressures (not enough condenser area). The lubricant will also need to be flushed and replaced with POE (residual mineral oil content less than 5%).
HFC - R404A Blend: 125/134a/143a 24,100,1300
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R-134a performance suffers at lower evaporator temperatures. In general it is not applied at temperatures below -10F, and it is not necessarily the most economical overall choice in some other applications. Traditional R-12 type applications have adopted several products as alternatives, including R-134a, R-22, R-404A/R-507, and numerousretrofit blends.
Lubrication
R-134a requires polyol ester (POE) lubricants, primarily for their ability to mix with HFC refrigerants. Traditional mineral oils and alkylbenzene do not mix with HFCs and will cause compressor failures. In addition, automotive air conditioning systems may also use polyalkaline glycol (PAG) lubricants (not typically seen in stationary equipment). Both POEs and PAGs will absorb moisture, and hold onto it, to a much greater extent than traditional lubricants. The moisture will promote reactions in the lubricant as well as the usual problems associated with water (corrosion, acid formation, etc.). The best way to dry a wet HFC system is to use a filter drier - run the system and change the drier - instead of relying on evacuation to clear the water.
Retrofitting Considerations
Equipment built for R-12 will be sized a bit too small compared to equipment built for R-134a. In order to do the same job an R-134a system will need a larger compressor and larger heat exchangers. As a result a system which is retrofit from R-12 to R-134a will have lower capacity (run longer) and will probably develop higher head pressures (not enough condenser area). The lubricant will also need to be flushed and replaced with POE (residual mineral oil content less than 5%).
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- Polyol Ester
A blend of R-125, R-143a, and R-134a intended for low and medium temperature refrigeration applications where R-502 was previously used. Most new equipment has been built for R-404A (and R-507 interchangably). It is also possible to retrofit R-502 systems with R-404A. R-404A has slightly lower pressures than R-507 (from the small amount of R-134a
added), and generally both blends have slightly higher pressures than 502. R-404A requires polyol ester (POE) lubricant, which is usually charged into new equipment. If retrofitting existing equipment the original oil must be flushed and replaced with POE.
HFC - R407C Blend: 32/125/134a
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added), and generally both blends have slightly higher pressures than 502. R-404A requires polyol ester (POE) lubricant, which is usually charged into new equipment. If retrofitting existing equipment the original oil must be flushed and replaced with POE.
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- Polyol Ester
A blend of R-32, R-125, and R-134a which has very similar properties to R-22 in air conditioning equipment. There is a slight decrease in capacity and efficiency, however R-407C can be used in essentially the same equipment to perform the same job with only minor engineering modifications. It can also be used in medium temp R-22 refrigeration systems. R-407C has a 10F temperature glide. New systems built with R-407C must have POE lubricants, and retrofitted R-22 systems would need the residual oil flushed with POE.
HFC - R410A Blend: 32/125
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- Mineral
- Alkylbenzene
- Polyol Ester
A blend of R-32 and R-125 which nearly forms an azeotrope, and therefore has extremely low temperature glide and almost no fractionation potential. This blend has about 60% higher pressure than R-22 in air conditioning applications, and therefore should be used only in new equipment specifically designed to handle the pressure. Systems designed for
R-410A will have smaller components (heat exchangers, compressor, etc.) to perform the same cooling job compared to R-22. R-410A will require POE lubricants. Retrofitting
R-22 equipment is not recommended under any circumstances.
A blend of R-125, R-134a and R-600 (butane), intended for retrofitting R-22 air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Runs slightly lower suction pressure and lower discharge pressure than R-22. There will also be a drop in discharge temperature compared to R-22. Lower pressures can affect valve operation or selection of orifice tube. The blend will produce lower capacity than R-22, especially at lower suction temperatures. Addition of hydrocarbon to the blend improves oil return with mineral oil and alkylbenzene oil, however the lubricant may still separate from the refrigerant. In some applications polyol ester (POE) lubricants may be needed.
HFC - R422A
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R-410A will have smaller components (heat exchangers, compressor, etc.) to perform the same cooling job compared to R-22. R-410A will require POE lubricants. Retrofitting
R-22 equipment is not recommended under any circumstances.
A blend of R-125, R-134a and R-600 (butane), intended for retrofitting R-22 air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Runs slightly lower suction pressure and lower discharge pressure than R-22. There will also be a drop in discharge temperature compared to R-22. Lower pressures can affect valve operation or selection of orifice tube. The blend will produce lower capacity than R-22, especially at lower suction temperatures. Addition of hydrocarbon to the blend improves oil return with mineral oil and alkylbenzene oil, however the lubricant may still separate from the refrigerant. In some applications polyol ester (POE) lubricants may be needed.
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- Mineral
- Alkylbenzene
- Polyol Ester
R-422A is a low temperature retrofit blend with properties very similar to R-404A. It can directly replace R-502, R-402A/B, R-408A, R-404A and R-507. R-22 low-temp systems can also be retrofitted to R-422A with some component changes (TXVs, for example). With increased regulatory pressure on leakage and recordkeeping of ozone-depleting refrigerants, R-422A offers an HFC-based retrofit solution for R-502 and the HCFC-based low temperature blends.
The hydrocarbon component in R-422A helps promote oil return in systems containing mineral oil or alkylbenzene. Although HFC refrigerants won’t mix with these oils, the hydrocarbon addition thins the oil and keeps it moving around the loop. More complicated piping arrangements or large hold-up volumes may still require some oil be changed to POE.
HFC - R422B
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The hydrocarbon component in R-422A helps promote oil return in systems containing mineral oil or alkylbenzene. Although HFC refrigerants won’t mix with these oils, the hydrocarbon addition thins the oil and keeps it moving around the loop. More complicated piping arrangements or large hold-up volumes may still require some oil be changed to POE.
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- Mineral
- Alkylbenzene
- Polyol Ester
R-422B (NU-22B) is a retrofit blend from ICOR that is designed to match R-22 in air conditioning and refrigeration applications. No system components need to be changed, nor does the oil need to be flushed, when retrofitting to R-422B. Systems that were previously retrofitted to R-417A (NU-22) can be serviced (topped off) or recharged with R-422B, providing a boost in capacity and run-time properties that more closely match R-22.
The hydrocarbon component in R-422A helps promote oil return in systems containing mineral oil or alkylbenzene. Although HFC refrigerants won’t mix with these oils, the hydrocarbon addition thins the oil and keeps it moving around the loop. More complicated piping arrangements or large hold-up volumes may still require some oil be changed to POE.
HFC - R422D Blend: 125/134a/600a
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The hydrocarbon component in R-422A helps promote oil return in systems containing mineral oil or alkylbenzene. Although HFC refrigerants won’t mix with these oils, the hydrocarbon addition thins the oil and keeps it moving around the loop. More complicated piping arrangements or large hold-up volumes may still require some oil be changed to POE.
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- Mineral
- Alkylbenzene
- Polyol Ester
R-422D is a low and medium temperature retrofit blend for R-22 refrigeration and air conditioning systems. With properties very similar to R-22, components such as TXVs do not need to be changed. In most cases there will also be no need for an oil change, making R-422D the most economical retrofit solution for R-22 refrigeration systems. Because R-422D has a lower discharge temperature, most low temp R-22 systems will no longer engage the liquid injection module. This will result in significant savings in energy use and a boost in capacity compared to running with R-22.
The hydrocarbon component in R-422D helps promote oil return in systems containing mineral oil or alkylbenzene. Although HFC refrigerants won’t mix with these oils, the hydrocarbon addition thins the oil and keeps it moving around the loop. More complicated piping arrangements or large hold-up volumes may still require some oil be changed to POE.
HFC - R507 Blend: 125/143a
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The hydrocarbon component in R-422D helps promote oil return in systems containing mineral oil or alkylbenzene. Although HFC refrigerants won’t mix with these oils, the hydrocarbon addition thins the oil and keeps it moving around the loop. More complicated piping arrangements or large hold-up volumes may still require some oil be changed to POE.
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- Polyol Ester
An azeotropic blend of R-125 and R-143a intended for low and medium temeperature refrigeration systems. Similar to R-404A in operation, most new equipment has been rated to use either blend. There will be slightly higher pressures and capacity with R-507 compared to R-404A. Retrofit and lubricant comments are similar to those above.
HFC - R508B
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- Mineral
- Alkylbenzene
- Polyol Ester
A blend of R-23 and R-116 intended for very-low-temperature refrigeration systems, typically the low stage of a multi-stage system. R-508B has properties similar to R-503 and can be used to replace either R-13 or R-503 in an existing system. The discharge temperature does not increase significantly compared to R-13, in contrast to the increase seen with R-23. POE lubricants should be used, and it may still be necessary to charge hydrocarbon oil additives to ensure proper oil return. Check with OEM for specific oil and charging recommendations.
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